Zero Generation
87 BC. Oe. - In Greece was made "Antikythera mechanism" - a mechanical device based on the gears, which is a specialized astronomical calculator.
1492 - Leonardo da Vinci in one of his diaries leads sketch 13-bit adder with desyatizubtsovymi rings. While operating the device on the basis of these drawings were constructed only in the XX century, yet the reality of the project Leonardo da Vinci was confirmed.
1623 - Wilhelm Schickard, Professor at the University of Tuebingen, is developing a device based on gear ("few hours") for the six-digit addition and subtraction of decimal numbers. Whether the device is implemented during the life of the inventor, it is not known, but in 1960 it was re-established and has shown itself quite workable.
1630 - Richard Delamaine creates a circular slide rule.
1642 - Blaise Pascal is "Pascaline" - the first effective implementation and what has become known mechanical digital computing device. The prototype device summarized and subtract pyatirazryadnye decimals. Pascal produced more than ten such calculators, the latter model numbers were operated with eight decimal places.
1673 - the famous German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz constructed a mechanical calculator which, using a binary system perform multiplication, division, addition and subtraction.
Around the same time, Isaac Newton laid the foundations of mathematical analysis.
1723 - German mathematician and astronomer, Christian Ludwig Gersten on the work of Leibniz created an arithmetical machine. The machine counted the private and the number of successive operations of addition by multiplying the numbers. In addition, it was envisaged the possibility of controlling the correctness of data input.
1786 - German military engineer Johann Muller puts forward the idea of "difference engine" - a specialized calculator to tabulate logarithms, calculated by the difference method. Calculator, built on stepped cylinders Leibniz, we got quite a small (13 cm in height and 30 cm in diameter), but it could perform all four arithmetic operations on 14-bit numbers.
1801 - Joseph Marie Jacquard builds a loom with program management, program of work which is defined by a set of punched cards.
1820 - First commercial production of adding machines. The championship belongs to Frenchman Thomas de Kalmar.
1822 - English mathematician Charles Babbage invented, but was unable to build, the first difference engine (a specialized calculator for automatic construction of mathematical tables) (see: Difference engine).
1855 - the brothers George and Edward Scheutz (born George & Edvard Scheutz) from Stockholm, built the first difference engine based on the work of Charles Babbage.
1876 - Russian mathematician Chebyshev created summing device with a continuous transfer of tens. In 1881, he also constructed to console him for multiplication and division (Adding machine Chebyshev).
1884-1887 years - Hollerith developed the electric tabulating system that was used in the U.S. Census 1890 and 1900 and Russia in 1897.
1912 - a machine for integration of ordinary differential equations on the project by the Russian scientist Alexander Krylov.
1927 - at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Venivarom Bush has been developed mechanical analog computer.
1938 - German engineer Konrad Zuse shortly after in 1935 the Berlin Polytechnic Institute, built his first car, called the Z1. (As his co-author also mentions Helmut Schreyer (born Helmut Schreyer)). It is fully mechanical programmable digital machine. The model was a test and the work was not used. Its restored version is stored in the German Technical Museum in Berlin. That same year, Zuse started building cars Z2 (Initially these computers were called V1 and V2. In German it reads "Fau1" and "Fau2" and that they are not confused with rockets, computers, renamed the Z1 and Z2).
1941 - Konrad Zuse creates the first computing machine Z3, possessing all the qualities of the modern computer.
1942 - Iowa State University (English Iowa State University), John Atanasov (born John Atanasoff) and his graduate student Clifford Berry (born Clifford Berry) created (or rather - have developed and begun to mount), the first U.S. electronic digital computer (born Atanasoff-Berry Computer - ABC). Although this machine was never completed (Atanasov went into the army), she, as described by historians, had a great influence on John Mauchly, who created two years later, the ENIAC computer.
In early 1943 a successful test was first U.S. computer Mark I, designed to perform complex calculations of ballistic U.S. Navy.
In late 1943, earned a British special-purpose computer Colossus. The machine worked on deciphering secret codes of Nazi Germany.
In 1944, Konrad Zuse developed an even faster computer Z4, and the first high level programming language Plankalkyul.
1946 was the year of the first universal electronic digital computer ENIAC.
In the Soviet Union, the first electronic computer was created by a group of Lebedev in Kiev in 1950.
In 1958, NP Brusentsov with a group of associates built the first computer with positional ternary symmetric ternary number system Setun.