Use of computers
The first computers were created exclusively for the calculations (as reflected in the names of "computer" and "computer"). Even the most primitive computers in this area many times greater than men (except for some unique people-counters). Not by accident the first high-level programming language was Fortran, designed exclusively to perform mathematical calculations.
The second major application was a database. First of all, they need government and banks. Databases are demanding more sophisticated computers with advanced input-output and storage of information. For these purposes has been developed language Cobol. Later came the DBMS with its own programming languages.
The third application was to manage all sorts of devices. This development came from the highly specialized devices (often analog) to the gradual introduction of standard computer systems on which to run the control program. In addition, an increasing majority of technology begins include the controlling computer.
Finally, computers have evolved so that the computer has become the main information tool in the office and at home. So now there is almost any job with the information via computer - either typing or watching movies. This applies to the storage of information, and to its shipment to the communication channels.
Modern supercomputers are used for modeling complex physical and biological processes. For example, to simulate nuclear reactions or climate change. Some projects are conducted with the help of distributed computing, where a large number of relatively weak computers simultaneously working on small parts of the overall problem, thus forming a very powerful computer.
The most complex and least developed using computers is an artificial intelligence - the use of computers to solve such problems, where there is no well-defined, more or less a simple algorithm. Examples of such tasks - games, machine translation, expert systems.